The treatment of allergies focuses on relieving symptoms and offering long-term solutions to help desensitize the immune system.

1. Symptom Relief

Antihistamines: These medications help alleviate symptoms such as itching, swelling, and rashes by blocking histamine, the chemical responsible for allergic reactions. They can be taken orally or applied topically as creams or lotions for skin rashes and itching. Antihistamine eye drops are effective for eye allergies, while nasal sprays can provide quick relief from symptoms like congestion, sneezing, and a runny nose. Some common antihistamines include:

Levocetirizine
Chlorpheniramine Maleate
Loratadine

Nasal Decongestants: These help reduce nasal congestion and make breathing easier. Examples include:

Xylometazoline
Oxymetazoline

Corticosteroids: Available in oral, injectable, or topical forms, corticosteroids are used for fast relief from allergy symptoms such as inflammation and rashes. Steroids may also be prescribed as eye drops for eye symptoms. Common corticosteroids include:

Prednisolone
Hydrocortisone
Betamethasone
Dexamethasone

Bronchodilators: These medications provide relief from acute asthma symptoms and are often used in daily asthma maintenance therapy. Salbutamol is a widely prescribed bronchodilator.

2. Immunotherapy

For severe or persistent allergies that don't respond to conventional treatments, immunotherapy may be an option. This involves gradually exposing the body to the allergen through injections or tablets over a period of years, helping to desensitize the immune system and reduce the risk of severe allergic reactions.

3. Treatment for Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction requiring immediate intervention. If a patient shows signs of an anaphylactic reaction, such as dizziness, difficulty breathing, skin rashes, nausea, or rapid heart rate, they must receive an injection of adrenaline right away. This may need to be repeated as necessary. Emergency medical care and supportive treatment are essential in a hospital setting to manage the condition.