Gluten Intolerance

Anyone can develop gluten intolerance, but certain factors can increase the likelihood:

Family History

People with a family history of celiac disease or lactose intolerance are at a higher risk of developing gluten intolerance.

Genetic Conditions

Conditions like Down syndrome, William syndrome, and Turner syndrome can make individuals more susceptible to gluten intolerance.

Colitis

Colitis, which is the inflammation of the colon (large intestine), raises the chances of developing gluten intolerance.

Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes increases the risk of celiac disease, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues.

Excluding Other Digestive Conditions

Celiac disease, wheat allergy, and gluten intolerance can present similar symptoms after consuming gluten. Initially, individuals are placed on a gluten-free diet for a few weeks to observe symptom changes. If symptoms improve upon eliminating gluten, other conditions are ruled out.

Diagnosing Celiac Disease

Celiac disease is typically diagnosed by detecting specific antibodies in the blood, such as:

• Tissue transglutaminase antibody - IgA
• Tissue transglutaminase antibody - IgG
• Gliadin antibody IgG
• Endomysial antibody IgG
• Endomysial antibody IgA
• Endomysial antibody IgM

In certain cases, a biopsy (microscopic examination of tissue) may be needed for confirmation.

Diagnosing Wheat Allergy

• Wheat allergy blood test: The level of IgE (an antibody) is measured as it tends to be elevated in allergic reactions.
• Skin test: The skin is scratched with a needle containing wheat, and any reactions are monitored to check for an allergy.

Diagnosing Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS)

Individuals are first given a diet containing gluten for several weeks, followed by a placebo period. A washout phase is included in which neither gluten nor placebo is consumed. Symptoms are tracked during these periods to help link gluten consumption to symptoms.

In some cases, an intestinal tissue examination may be performed for further confirmation.

While gluten intolerance cannot be fully prevented, allergic reactions can be minimized by following these lifestyle changes:

Go Gluten-Free

Gluten is naturally found in wheat, rye, and barley, with wheat-based products containing the highest levels. To avoid gluten, individuals should steer clear of the following:

• Flour
• Bread
• Crackers
• Baking mixes
• Pasta
• Cereal
• Sauces
• Processed meats
• Beer
• Malt vinegar

Identify Triggers

Gluten content can vary in different products, and not all gluten-containing foods cause reactions. Identify your personal triggers by eliminating all food, beverages, medications, and cosmetics containing gluten. Gradually reintroduce items to pinpoint what causes symptoms.

Be Cautious While Dining Out

Many individuals experience symptoms when eating out. It's recommended to ask for gluten-free options to ensure safety.

Check for Hidden Gluten

Some foods may contain hidden gluten, including ingredients like emulsifiers, dextrin, mono- and di-glycerides, seasonings, and caramel colors. Food can also be cross-contaminated with gluten during preparation or packaging. Look out for warning labels, especially on items such as:

• Brown rice syrup
• Candies
• Wafers
• Cold cuts
• Hot dogs
• Sausage
• French fries
• Pre-made gravies
• Fish
• Rice mixes
• Sauces (e.g., soy sauce, vegetable sauce)

Specialists to Visit

Consulting a doctor is crucial for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.

When to See a Doctor?

Seek medical advice if you experience severe gastrointestinal symptoms alongside joint pain or headaches. If you already know you have gluten intolerance and your health hasn't improved despite eliminating gluten from your diet, it’s important to consult a specialist.

Preparation for Your Appointment

• Track the number of servings of gluten-containing foods you consume.
• Prepare a list of any medications and supplements you are taking.
• Record your symptoms after consuming gluten-containing foods.
• Document any improvements after removing these products from your diet.

Doctors Who Can Help:

• General Physician: Helps diagnose the condition and recommends necessary interventions.
• Gastroenterologist: Specializes in digestive issues like gluten intolerance and other related conditions such as colitis.
• Pediatrician: Consulted for children with gluten intolerance.
• Nutritionist: Assists in creating a gluten-free diet plan for those with gluten intolerance.

Treatment of Gluten Intolerance

While gluten intolerance cannot be cured, symptoms can be managed by adhering to a gluten-free diet. In addition, following the prevention tips and lifestyle recommendations will help reduce the frequency of allergic reactions.

In some cases, anti-allergic medications and steroids may be prescribed to control symptoms. Adrenaline may be required in cases of anaphylaxis.

Nutritional Deficiencies:

Avoiding several gluten-containing foods can lead to malnutrition and deficiencies. It’s essential to supplement your diet with the right nutrients, but always consult with your doctor before taking any supplements.

Weight Gain:

Inflammation caused by gluten intolerance can interfere with nutrient absorption. As a result, the body may crave more food to compensate for the perceived lack of nutrients, which can lead to weight gain, even in individuals with celiac disease, despite limited food intake.

The following home remedies and supplements can help alleviate digestive symptoms associated with gluten intolerance. However, it's important to consult your healthcare provider before trying any of them:

1. Ginger (Adrak): Ginger helps relieve stomach discomfort and muscle cramps that may occur after consuming gluten-containing foods. You can consume it as an extract by boiling a few pieces of ginger in water.
2. Turmeric (Haldi): Known for its anti-inflammatory properties, turmeric can help ease stomach cramps, bloating, and nausea. You can take one teaspoon of turmeric powder directly with water or opt for turmeric supplements.
3. Fish Oil: In cases like celiac disease, which damages the intestinal lining, fish oil can help protect the small intestine and reduce injury by coating its lining.
4. Yogurt: Rich in beneficial bacteria, yogurt promotes digestion and supports gut health.
5. Apple Cider Vinegar: Known to reduce bloating and other gastrointestinal symptoms related to gluten intolerance.

Gluten intolerance is a lifelong condition that may fluctuate between periods of remission and relapse. While the condition is manageable, the following lifestyle adjustments can make it easier to cope:

Know What to Eat

Finding gluten-free yet nutritious foods can be challenging. Below is a list of gluten-free options that are rich in nutrients:

• Rice
• Quinoa
• Millet
• Amaranth
• Oats (ensure they are labeled “gluten-free,” as oats may be cross-contaminated with wheat or barley)
• Corn
• Buckwheat
• Potatoes and potato flour
• Sorghum
• Teff

A registered dietitian can help create a personalized meal plan, possibly recommending specific supplements like fiber and calcium.

Other Important Tips

• Learn about gluten-free options available at home.
• Inform those around you about your condition to prevent accidental gluten exposure.
• Remember the positive impacts of a gluten-free diet, such as maintaining a healthy weight and improving bone health.
• Stay motivated by trying new gluten-free recipes.
• Opt for fresh ingredients instead of processed, ready-made gluten-free products.
• Include citrus fruits like oranges, lemons, and limes in your diet for better nutrient absorption and their antioxidant properties.